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A paradox is typically a set of statements which, when taken individually, are highly likely, but when taken together, seem highly unlikely to be true at the same time. The existence of paradoxes suggests that there is something deeply wrong about the way we reason. Through the analysis of some well-known paradoxes, this course introduces important concepts and arguments from various fields of philosophy. Through attempts to solve these paradoxes, this course aims at cultivating a habit of deep reflection on our own reasoning.
Paradox Lost covers ten of philosophy’s most fascinating paradoxes, in which seemingly compelling reasoning leads to absurd conclusions. After an introductory chapter on the basics of paradox, the following paradoxes are addressed: The Liar Paradox, the Sorites Paradox, the Puzzle of the Self-Torturer, Newcomb’s Problem, the Surprise Quiz Paradox, the Two Envelope Paradox, the Principle of Indifference, the Ravens Paradox, the Shooting Room Paradox, and Self-locating Beliefs. Each paradox is clearly described, common mistakes are explored, and a clear, logical solution offered. Huemer argues that human reason is highly fallible but correctable with effort.
