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This course introduces the history, objectives, and major approaches of Translation Studies. The aim is to equip students with a theoretical and methodological background for evaluating and studying translation.
The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies has been the standard, highly distinctive reference work in its field since it first appeared in 1968. Many of its features are not found elsewhere, especially its series of short histories of translation. Part I: General surveys the theory and practice of many disciplines now subsumed into the rubric Translation Studies, illuminating its dynamic development and widening contexts. Part II: History and Traditions spans 32 geographic, linguistic, or cultural areas, outlining and assessing each of their translation histories and traditions- Africa through to Turkey.
This book includes John Benjamin’s views on Kafka, with whom he felt a close personal affinity; his studies on Baudelaire and Proust; and his essays on Leskov and on Brecht's Epic Theater. The essay “The Task of the Translator” discusses the understanding of an other — of another person, of another text, and/or of cultural phenomena as translations. Benjamin begins the essay by describing translation as a mode. Certain literary works are distinctive for their translatability. An original text, of necessity, is closely linked to its translation, which may be regarded as part of the afterlife of the original.
本書從流派的角度介紹譯論家的理論重點，其中有強調忠實原文的學派，有否定原文至上的觀念、強調翻譯與文化之間關系的學派。本書精選了二十位譯論家的作品，是西方各個流派的代表作，包括語文學派的德萊頓與泰特勒，詮釋學派的施萊爾馬赫與斯坦納，語言學派的奈達與紐馬克，目的學派的弗美爾與諾德，文化學派的霍姆斯、埃文——佐哈爾、圖裏、朗貝爾、斯內爾——霍恩比、勒菲弗爾與巴斯內特，以及解構學派的本雅明、德裏達、德曼、文努迪與歐陽楨。
This book is designed as a coursebook for undergraduates and postgraduates in translation studies as well as an introductory book for students, researchers, instructors, and professional translators. There are altogether 12 chapters, covering Jakobson’s classification of translation, the Holmes/Toury conceptual map, the “literal vs. free” translation debate, Eugene Nida’s concepts of equivalence, Newmark’s categories of translation, Koller’s analysis of equivalence, Vinay and Darbelnet’s taxonomy, Catford’s linguistic model, the interpretive model of the Paris School, Bell’s psycholinguistic model, Gutt’s relevance theory, Reiss and Vermeer’s text-type and skopos theory, Nord’s text-linguistic approach, House’s register analysis model, Baker, Hatim and Mason’s discourse-oriented approaches, etc.
This book assumes a textual perspective on translation, describing translation studies as the empirical study of the relationships among translator, the process of transition, and the text. It argues that we do not translate words, but texts, and that these competing models can be integrated into a more global theory of translation by viewing the translation process as a primarily textual process. The book examines in detail the characteristics that make a good translation a text, focusing particularly on the empirical relationship between the theory of translation and its practice.
This handbook offers a comprehensive survey of the current state of Chinese translation and the theorization of the contemporary practice of Chinese translation. Most essays in this collection largely borrow translation theory from the West to examine contemporary practice of Chinese translation. This handbook is organized into 8 parts, covering Chinese translation in academic settings, linguistic aspects of Chinese translation, social context of Chinese translation, the process of translation and Chinese interpreting, Chinese literary translation, specialized Chinese translation such as those on law and medicine, changes brought by language technology to Chinese translation, and new developments of Chinese translation.
This reader aims at the audience group of advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, course instructors, and scholars in translation theory and history, as well as practitioners with a theoretical inclination. The reader is divided into 7 sections in a chronological order. While the first section Foundational Statements examines theories before the 1900s, the last section after the 2000s, all the other five sections in the middle looks into theories in the 1900s. Venuti suggests that readers not only read historically, but also thematically. Readers can group together theories with the same themes. Venuti also suggests that readers can use supplementary readings, and further readings are recommended in each section.
本书分“翻译与世界观”、“翻译与语言学”、“翻译与文学”三编。第一编旨在破除中国翻译研究中存在的认识上的误区，并讨论“中国翻译”与“中文翻译”的不同以及外国理论同中文翻译的相关性。第二编具体探讨了文本翻译，句子翻译，修饰关系翻译，施事的句法地位及其在英汉被动句中的互译，翻译交际中形式与内容的整合，“异常”句式的翻译等。第三编探讨了翻译的实用美学，并以《荷塘月色》和《江雪》为例观察了中国散文与山水诗的翻译。
This book brings into perspective from the vantage point of translation the workings of human factors in text production, interpretation, and dissemination in and through translation in varying social situations. It examines a variety of key issues heatedly debated or largely neglected in the field of translation studies and beyond – for example, meaning making, nature of the unit of translation, augmentation of transitivity by modification, signification of repetition, and cognitive effects of syntactic iconicity – by critically engaging insights from functional linguistics and philosophy of language, among other fields of study.
This book presents a comprehensive, interdisciplinary introduction to the newly emerging science of text and discourse which draws on a wide variety of contributing disciplines, including not only theoretical linguistics, but also cognitive psychology, sociology/ anthropology, and artificial intelligence. It introduces the basic notions of the interdisciplinary approach to the study of text, reviews the evolution of text linguistics, presents the case study of text, deals with the seven standards the authors claim constitute textuality (cohesion, coherence, intentionality and acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality), and discusses the real and potential contributions of this interdisciplinary science of text to language-related research and education.
This book collates 12 articles on Translation studies from the perspective of culture rewriting. The 12 articles all testify to the fact that translation as an activity is always doubly contextualized, the culture of the source text, and the culture of the translated text. The practice of translation may serve for certain purpose, and the functions of translations may have also been shaped by culture. Bassnett and Lefevere fully adopt Mary Snell-Hornby’s theory of cultural turn, which calls for a transformation of translation studies from linguistic text translation to culture rewriting. In their opinion, the study of translation practice has turned to the larger issues of context, history and convention.
This book involves a restricted and systematic examination of the interplay between philosophy and translation as it occurs in a number of philosophical treatments of the problem of translation. The conceptions of translation reviewed include those from Plato, Seneca, Davidson, Walter Benjamin and Freud. Each of the chapters is a study of a particular enactment of the relationship between philosophy and translation, including the distinction between literal and figural language, translating Greek philosophical concepts into Latin, the universality of translation, locating the possibility of translation in the nature of language, psychoanalysis and translation, and ontologico-temporal description of philosophy and translation.
This book is a dialogue between a theoretical scholar and a professional translator, about the usefulness (if any) of translation theory. It starts as a critical response by Emma Wagner to Andrew Chesterman’s book Memes of Translation, and the discussion touches on many aspects of translation theory and practice. The authors argue about many themes that are important to both theory and practice, such as the problem of the translator's identity, the history of the translator's role, the translator's visibility, translation types and strategies, translation quality, ethics and translation aids.
This book is concerned about the relationship between linguistics and translation theory. It assesses both sides of the relationship, tracing the very real contributions that linguists have made to translation studies and at the same time recognizing the limitations of many of their approaches. Fawcett describes detailed taxonomies of translation strategies and deals with traditional problems such as equivalence. He also explains and assesses the more recent contributions of text linguistics, sociolinguistics, pragmatics and psycholinguistics. This work is exceptional in that it presents theories originally produced in Russian, German, French and Spanish as well as English.
This book is organized into 3 sections. Section One introduces the disciplines of Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies, tracing their evolution in recent history and outlining in particular the crucial role played by the computer corpus. Section Two collects a series of case studies, showing the range of variables that have to be taken into consideration in Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies and the vast area of research which they encompass. Section Three deals with practical issues of corpus exploitation, both the software tools that can be used to support analysis and the ways in which multilingual and monolingual corpora can be used to improve teaching and translation materials.
This book serves for students and specialists in translation, linguistics, literary theory, philosophy of language, and cultural studies. It traces the growth of translation theory from its traditional roots through the recent proliferation of theories, fueled by research in feminism, poststructural, and postcolonial investigations. Gentzler examines five new approaches- the translation workshop, the science of translation, translation studies, polysystem theory, and deconstruction, all of which began in the mid-1960s and continue to be influential today. In this critical overview, he explores the strengths and weaknesses of each method, tracing the connections among the different schools of thought.
This book looks upon all kinds of acts of translating as essentially acts of communication. Hatim and Mason argue that the division of the subject into literary and non-literary, technical and non-technical is misleading, and that all texts share the common ground of a wide variety of translation activities. There are 12 chapters altogether, covering similarities of underlying textual strategies; basic model of textuality; role of the context, structure and texture; politeness phenomena in screen subtitling; the discoursal role of idiolect; the tension between relaying form and function; the cross-cultural competence of the translator; ideology in translation; and training-related issues, etc.
This book explains how contemporary descriptive approaches came about, what the basic ideas were, and how those ideas have evolved over time. Herman’s discussion addresses the fundamental problems of translation norms, equivalence, polysystems and social systems, covering not only the work of Levy, Holmes, Even-Zohar, Toury, Lefevere, Lambert, Van Leuven-Zwart, D’hulst and others, but also giviting special attention to recent contributions derived from Pierre Bourdieu and Niklas Luhmann. Despite explaining the descriptive and systemic approach to the study of translation, this book also suggests possible directions for further theoretical and methodological reflection.
This book demonstrates how stylistic analysis can be applied to novels and stories. Part One examines differing views of what style means and how it should be studied, presents an informal technique of stylistic analysis, and shows how style can be studied in terms of forms that are linguistically equivalent at some level, and the literary of communicative function associated with the choice of one variant or another. Part Two investigates different kinds of stylistic value more closely, such as the ways in which language conceptualizes the fiction, language presents the fiction in linear, textual form, and language represents the fiction through the social dimension of language use.
刘宓庆主张中国的翻译理论体系应该有独特的中国气质，而翻译美学正是中国翻译理论的基本特色之一。本书开篇论述了翻译的科学性和艺术性，指出翻译需要科学翻译理论的指导，并且还需要进行适度的创造。本书随之追溯了译学在东西方各自的美学渊源。此后，本书开展了详尽的理论分析，论述了翻译的审美客体、审美主体、语言审美价值论、审美意识、审美表现、文学翻译、审美理想和审美再现等等。末章简要概述了西方美学，并指出其对中国翻译理论的重大意义。
This book serves as the coursebook of translation principles and methodology for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates. Part I introduces principles for translating. Newmark emphasizes that translation serves to reveal truths- he argues that languages in all cultures are translatable. Newmark points out the practice of translation entails the analysis of texts, including the intention of the translator, text styles, etc. Part II Methods prepare thirteen texts for four types of exercises. Newmark makes analysis of the problems of the source language texts, presents both the semantic translation and the communicative translation, translations with commentaries, and examples of translation criticism.
This book presents a set of process of translating by taking advantage of Bible translation. Nida and Taber promote the system consisting of three steps, 1) analysis that analyzes the word relationship and word combinations, the referential meaning of the words and the connotative meaning of the words, 2) transfer that transfers the analyzed materials from the source language to the target language, and 3) restructuring that restructure the transferred material for the receptor. In their mind, it is much more important to make the translated material acceptable to the receptors which is the ultimate aim of translating, and it is of great significance to translate within the cultural contexts.
This book introduces the functionalist view of translation. In the main ideas part, this book presents a brief historical overview of how Skopostheorie and the general function-oriented concepts came into being, explains the agents and conditions of translational action, analyzes the basic concepts of Skopostheorie, examines how the functionalist approach is applied in the training of professional translators, looks at functionalism in literary translation, and deals with functionalism in simultaneous interpreting. In the latter part of the book, the main criticisms are bundled together and discussed systematically, the personal version of functionalism by Nord is presented quite briefly, and the current trends and future perspectives in functionalist theory are presented.
This book is concerned with the postcolonial translation studies. This book first gives a brief presentation of postcolonial studies in relation to translation. Then it traces the emerging contours of postcolonial translation studies, moving from general issues, through the prehistory of postcolonial translation theory, to close readings of several studies of the roles translation has played in colonial and postcolonial settings, to a brief review of critiques levelled against this approach. According to Robinson, the role of translation went through three stages- the channel of colonization in the past, surviving cultural inequalities in the present, and the channel of decolonization in the future.
嚴復在其譯論名作《天演論·譯例言》中提出了「信、達、雅」說，本書即以嚴復「信、達、雅」翻譯理論為主線，研究了學說的本意以及與之有某種傳承關系的古代佛教譯論，以及各家對學說的評價及各種新說，關註嚴氏理論在中國翻譯學史上的歷史地位。同時還提出對比研究外國譯學學說的翻譯原則是否有相通之處及融合可能。最終探討翻譯的本質和翻譯實踐的過程，與學說相印證，並結合現當代中外譯學理論的最新成果，探討了學說的繼承和發展。
When it first appeared in 1975, the original edition, taking issue with the principal emphasis of modern linguistics, finds the root of the "Babel problem" in our deep instinct for privacy and territory, noting that every people has in its language a unique body of shared secrecy. With this provocative thesis, the book analyzes every aspect of translation from fundamental conditions of interpretation to the most intricate of linguistic constructions. This third edition has revised the text, added new and expanded notes, and provided a substantially updated bibliography, including much Russian and Eastern European material.
This book is concerned with the descriptive approach of Translation Studies. Part 1 deals with the pivotal position of descriptive studies within Translation Studies. It also supplies justification to approaching translation empirically. Part 2 comprises a series of methodological discussion, constituting a rationale for descriptive studies in translation. Part 3 presents an assortment of case studies, referring to issues of various scope and level, from a whole historical move through the translation of single texts to the translation al treatment of lower-level entities. Part 4 addresses the crucial question what is knowledge accumulated through descriptive studies performed within one and the same frameworks likely to yield.
The target audience of this book includes translation theorists, literary theorists and critics, period specialists in various literatures, and reviewers of translations for periodicals, publishers, private foundations, and government endowments. Providing a fascinating account of the history of translation from the seventeenth century to the present day, Venuti shows how fluency prevailed over other translation strategies to shape the canon of foreign literatures in English and investigates the cultural consequences of the receptor values which were simultaneously inscribed and masked in foreign texts during this period. The author locates alternative translation theories and practices in British, American and European cultures which aim to communicate linguistic and cultural differences instead of removing them.
本书介绍了认知语言学的理论基础、观点方法和研究现状，并在认知语言学理论背景下对汉语实际问题进行了一些研究。上篇是对认知语言学理论背景与研究现状的介绍，包括介绍主要理论主张，阐述它与当代语言学主流理论有别的语言观和认知观，介绍基本主张背后的经验基础及有关问题的研究现状，以及讨论句法象似性问题。下篇则是汉语具体问题的研究，交代本项研究的分析取向，解释了距离动因的观念，并详细讨论距离象似动因在汉语名词短语结构里的各种体现。
1895年，王尔德与同性情人波西的父亲昆斯伯里侯爵对簿公堂，被判“有伤风化罪”，锒铛入狱，身败名裂。在狱中，王尔德给波西写下这封文学史上的长信，历数波西给他带来的痛苦，也探讨了耶稣、爱恨和文学，又似对两人的未来有所期待。著名翻译学者朱纯深翻译了王尔德这部最美的作品，贯穿他的翻译始终的，是对生命存在的本质意义的关心叩问。“如果不跟这一终极意义相关，那翻译中常常谈论的押韵、句长、词数、对仗等，就显得苍白了，遑论‘美’。”
