Web of Science and Related Tools

Boolean Operators:

AND: search results contain all terms connected by AND, e.g., economics AND artificial intelligence

OR: search results contain any term connected by OR, e.g., programming OR coding OR software

NOT: search results do not contain term after NOT, e.g., mathematics NOT  numerical analysis

The priority orders of these three operators are AND>OR>NOT. Parentheses are used to group compound Boolean operators and may change this order. e.g., (Pagets OR Paget's) AND (cell* AND tumor*)

Wildecards:

*: zero or more characters, e.g., hyro* for hydrogen, hydrocarbon, hydrochloride

?: one character only, e.g., wom?n for women, woman

$: zero or one character, e.g., pick$ for picks, picky

NEAR/n: finds records containing the words within number(n) of words between each other

• Use quotation marks "" for the exact phrase. e.g., "data science" will retrieve records that contain the exact phrase data science. This applies only to Topic and Title searches.
• Words in a phrase without quotation marks will be treated as they are connected by an implicit AND. This means the search results will have all these words but they may or may not appear close together. 
• If you enter two words separated by a hyphen, period, or comma, then the term will be interpreted as an exact phrase. 
• Apostrophes are treated as spaces, not searchable characters. Be sure to search for variants with no apostrophe.
• A phrase connected by hyphens will return results with or without hyphen. 

Address field searches the complete author affiliation, including country, postal code, department or organization abbreviation. You may enter the abbreviated name of an institution and/or location from an author's address. Use Univ instead of University to find institutions. When entering full names, do not use articles (a, an, the) and prepositions (of, in, for) in the name.

e.g., UNIV Pennsylvania is OK but University of Pennsylvania results in an error message.

Organization-Enhanced uses a unified list of preferred names and searches ONLY the unified organization name. Many variants of an institution's name have been grouped together (from all captured on publications) in order to enable you to search for preferred organization names and/or their name variants from the Preferred Organization Index. Not all organizations have been unified, so check the index to see if your institution is listed. If it’s not you’ll need to search the Address field. You can use Select from Index to navigate to the search aid.